Farmers facing poverty - the success of the San Agustin Farmers: Philippines Case Study Click on the following links for further information about this case study: Teacher's Notes Student Activities Where in the world is San Agustin? San Agustin is a farming community in the Philippines. It is one of 22 barangays (villages) in Sierra Bullones, a municipality on the island of Bohol. Unfortunately, San Agustin is located on the side of Bohol's water catchment area which receives the least rainfall, the Wahig River (see Resources section to locate a detailed map). The village relies only on rainwater because no irrigation is available from the river. This makes farming difficult. Until 1994 cassava was the main crop because it required very little water. However, cassava consumes alot of soil nutrients, leaving the soil seriously depleted. 1.2 What were the living conditions in San Agustin prior to 1994? San Agustin is the largest barangay in Sierra Bullones and the least populated, with a population density of only 0.63 persons per hectare. Its interior location and poor communication facilities meant that it remained isolated from government help for many years. It was considered the most financially disadvantaged barangay in Sierra Bullones, in the poorest part of the Philippines. In 1993, more than 70% of the 703 residents in San Agustin lived below the poverty line. The people were depressed, had low self esteem and lacked the knowledge they needed to improve farming practices and living conditions. The only school in San Agustin catered for grades 1- 4 and 70 students. Fresh potable water was non existant. People relied mainly on open wells which were frequently contaminated. All domestic cooking, cleaning, bathing and drinking water came from the wells. Skin infections, diarrhea and urinary tract infections resulted from the lack of potable water. The roads into San Agustin were so poor that passenger vehicles were unwilling to go there. In 1993, the village was barren, almost covered with a noxious plant and 'slash and burn' farming had further affected soil fertility. 1.3 HELP! The San Agustin Farmers Association gain assistance from Australia In 1994, the San Agustin Farmers Association (SAGUFA) implemented the San Agustin Integrated Agro-Forestry and Livestock Project(SAIALP). This was a project designed by the Soil and Water Conservation Foundation (a Philippine organisation) and funded by the Philippines-Australia Community Assistance Program (PACAP). For 4 years the Australian aid organisation AusAid provided PACAP with the funds to help the farmers learn how to farm in an economically and ecologically sustainable way. 1.4 Farming the natural way Farm inputs provided by SAIALP were in the following forms: greater production and collection of animal manure to increase soil fertility; crop rotation using legumes, rice and corn; planting drought resistant crops to reduce the effects of weather on the soil; use of permanent tree crops (to protect the soil and to act as a viable alternative to cassava); education about soil conservation methods such as contour cropping; introducing improved livestock varieties; teaching farmers better livestock management; improving the health of livestock (deworming, vaccinations etc); purchased new agricultural machinery ; support in the construction of infrastructure (water tanks for potable water supply, dams for water collection, solar dryer, rice mill which adds value to the rice crop, warehouse for crop storage); assistance in organizing the community. SAGUFA conducts training about gender issues, financial management and team building, arranges exchanges of labour between farms and offers excellent on-going support for its members. 1.5 Rising above poverty - What has the San Agustin community achieved?      These local children help their village plant seedlings for vegetable production. Once the poorest place to be in the Philippines, by 1997 San Agustin was ranked at number 10 out of the 22 villages in Sierra Bullones. Family incomes increased dramatically after PACAP's involvement as did the purchasing power of families. Comparitive family income, 1993 and 1997 Income per annum (pesos) 1993(%) 1997(%) < 20,000 40.9 4.5 20,000-35,000 54.5 65.9 36,000-50,000 4.5 25 51,000-65,000 0 4.5 Total 99.9 99.9 In 1993, most families purchased only basic necessities such as cooking pots. In 1997, increased incomes resulted in family purchases of materials for house repairs, radio cassettes, farm animals and a television set. Other changes to the living conditions included : Greater understanding of the need for education School enrolment rose from 70 to 215 students. Grades 4-6 were introduced. Nineteen students went on to secondary school. Improved health status The incidence of diseases dropped dramatically with the introduction of potable water. Greater income resulted in more people willing to see a doctor more frequently. Moderate malnutrition cases dropped from 70% in 1996 to 55% in 1997. Accessibility to potable water supply The introduction of 13 potable water systems accessible to 70% of the San Agustin population had a huge impact on the cleanliness of the domestic water supplies and the health of the people. Improved road conditions There was increased demand for transportation. More farm produce was being sent to market and the farmers were more able to pay transportation costs. The demand for better roads increased and finally resulted in the government laying gravel on the previously muddy dirt road. Increased awareness on environmental protection. Several factors led to soil, water and land degradation in San Agustin. The farmers faced weeds, erosion and nutrient deficiency of the soil and depleted water quantity and quality. With the introduction of more diverse crops and livestock varieties and contour farming in 1994, the threat to the environment in San Agustin has been averted. Farmers have been made aware that it makes economic sense to look after the soil, water and farmland. SAGUFA still has improvements to make with the development of a comprehensive environment plan for all of San Agustin. Increased participation of women Prior to the formation of SAGUFA women were not given the chance to make decisions in the community. Women now actively participate in the Association, comprising more than 50% attendance at meetings. However, little has been done to lighten the burden women carry - as well as increased responsibility in the community, they still are required to conduct domestic chores, care for the children, help on the farm and budget the family income.      Better response and involvement from the government The development efforts undertaken by the program also resulted in more substantial response from the Filipino government to the needs of the San Agustin people. The government expanded the school, improved the road and assisted with cattle dispersal. It also helped in the construction of three new deep wells. Looking up, looking forward The San Agustin farmers have been hugely successful in raising themselves out of poverty, with the help of Australia. SAGUFA is now a financially sustainable business. In the last 6 years, the income and assets of SAGUFA members has increased 20 times from $250 to $4500. The community have plans for ecotourism and a bus rice trading business, funded through their tree crop. They have been given a lift up out of poverty and with a new sense of pride are looking forward to their future in San Agustin.   Top © Commonwealth of Australia