Environment glossary

Biodiversity A large number and wide range of species of animals, plants, fungi, and micro-organisms. Biodegradable Any substance that decomposes quickly through the action of micro-organisms. Chlorofluorocarbons The family of chemical substances used as refrigerants and solvents which are believed to be associated with depletion of Earth's ozone layer. Contamination Pollution or the introduction of undesirable matter. Deforestation The clearing of forests faster than their replanting. It may be intentional as for agriculture or settlements, or unintentional as in fires. Fossil fuels Materials which can be burned for energy and which come from the remains of ancient plants and animals, like coal, oil, and natural gas. Inorganic Waste matter that does not break down naturally in the environment. Land degradation Human activity or natural processes which decrease the capacity of the land to produce. Ozone A form of oxygen found naturally in the atmosphere which provides a protective layer shielding the earth from ultraviolet radiation's harmful health effects on humans and the environment. Organic Plant or animal matter which will break down in the environment through the action of micro-organisms. Pollution Material which causes undesired environmental effects. Recycling The process of minimising waste by recovering useable products that might otherwise become waste. Sanitation Disposal of sewage. Sewage The organic and liquid waste produced by household or industrial sources. Solar energy Power collected from sunlight used to generate electricity. Sustainable development Growth which does not damage the environment. Toxic Materials contaminating the environment that cause death, disease or birth defects in organisms that eat or absorb them. Waste Unwanted materials left over from manufacturing processes or people’s lifestyles. Waste disposal The removal of unwanted materials left over from manufacturing processes or people’s lifestyles. Wind power Harnessing of the wind to generate electricity.